In patients with sickle cell disease, what organism is commonly responsible for septic arthritis?

In patients with sickle cell disease, Salmonella is commonly responsible for septic arthritis due to its association with increased susceptibility to infections in individuals with compromised immune systems and underlying sickle cell pathology. The sickle-shaped red blood cells can lead to vaso-occlusive crises and resultant splenic dysfunction, making patients more vulnerable to certain infections.

Salmonella species, particularly Salmonella enterica, are notable pathogens in this population because they can colonize and cause infections more easily. These infections may arise from the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to septic arthritis, particularly in children and adults who are particularly prone to osteomyelitis and septic arthritis involving Salmonella.

In contrast, while Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen in septic arthritis generally, and Escherichia coli can also be implicated, they are less specifically associated with sickle cell disease. Streptococcus pyogenes is more commonly known for causing pharyngitis and skin infections, rather than septic arthritis in sickle cell patients. Therefore, Salmonella's prevalence in this context is notably linked to the unique immunological challenges faced by patients with sickle cell anemia.