In what condition would you typically find high levels of both aldosterone and renin?

High levels of both aldosterone and renin are typically observed in secondary hyperaldosteronism. This condition arises due to an external cause stimulating the adrenal glands to produce excess aldosterone, which often occurs in response to decreased intravascular volume or renal perfusion. In secondary hyperaldosteronism, increased renin secretion is a compensatory mechanism due to factors like renal artery stenosis, congestive heart failure, or cirrhosis, leading to reduced renal blood flow.

In such scenarios, the kidneys sense a low volume state and respond by releasing renin, which catalyzes the formation of angiotensin II, further stimulating aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex. This interplay results in high levels of both hormones, as the body's compensatory systems attempt to restore normal blood pressure and fluid balance.

Other conditions listed would not typically present with both elevated aldosterone and renin levels simultaneously due to different underlying mechanisms affecting hormone regulation.