Is post streptococcal glomerulonephritis classified as nephritic or nephrotic syndrome?

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is classified as a nephritic syndrome. This classification is based on the typical clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the condition. In nephritic syndrome, there is an inflammatory process in the glomeruli, leading to symptoms such as hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (though typically less than in nephrotic syndrome), red blood cell casts, and elevated blood pressure due to fluid retention.

PSGN occurs following an infection with certain strains of Group A Streptococcus and is characterized by these inflammatory changes in the kidneys, rather than the massive protein loss and hypoalbuminemia seen in nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome typically involves greater proteinuria (>3.5 grams per day), hypoalbuminemia, and edema, which are not the primary features of PSGN. This distinction is critical for diagnosing and managing the condition effectively.