What are the major features of FSGS?

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is primarily characterized by significant proteinuria and, in many cases, hypertension. Proteinuria in FSGS occurs due to the damage to the kidney’s filtering units, known as glomeruli, which leads to the leaking of protein into the urine. Hypertension often accompanies this condition as a result of fluid overload and changes in the kidney's regulatory functions.

FSGS does not typically present with rapidly progressive renal failure, hematuria, fever, thrombocytopenia, or anemia as primary features. While rapid renal failure can occur in severe cases, it is not a defining symptom of FSGS. Hematuria is not a common finding in FSGS; when present, it may indicate other underlying conditions. Fever is also not associated with FSGS. Thrombocytopenia and anemia are more often associated with systemic conditions or other kidney disorders rather than being characteristic features of FSGS. Therefore, the main features related to FSGS focus on the significant presence of protein in the urine and elevated blood pressure.