What does the quadruple therapy for H. pylori include?

The quadruple therapy for H. pylori infection typically consists of a combination of medications designed to effectively eradicate the bacteria. The correct answer involves Metronidazole, Bismuth, Tetracycline, and a Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI).

Metronidazole is an antibiotic that targets anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa, offering coverage against H. pylori. Bismuth compounds help protect the gastric lining and have antibacterial properties, making them beneficial in treating ulcers and managing dyspepsia associated with H. pylori. Tetracycline is another antibiotic effective against a variety of bacteria, including H. pylori. The Proton Pump Inhibitor plays a vital role in reducing gastric acid secretion, which not only aids in symptom relief but also enhances the effectiveness of the antibiotics by creating a more favorable environment for healing.

In contrast, other combinations listed in the options either lack one of the essential components of the quadruple therapy or do not include the correct medications that specifically target H. pylori effectively. Therefore, the selected combination correctly represents the standard approach for eradication treatment and maximizes the success rate for patients.