What is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease on hematological status?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently leads to normocytic anemia, which is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells that are of a normal size. This form of anemia arises primarily due to the kidneys' diminished ability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. As kidney function declines, erythropoietin production is impaired, resulting in inadequate stimulation of erythropoiesis (formation of red blood cells).

Additionally, factors such as the accumulation of uremic toxins in CKD can further suppress red blood cell production and shorten the lifespan of circulating red blood cells. Consequently, patients with CKD commonly present with anemia, which is typically normocytic in nature, as the red blood cells maintain their normal size but are present in fewer numbers. This understanding is crucial for the management of patients with CKD, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing their hematological status.