What is the appropriate treatment for pertussis?

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The treatment for pertussis primarily involves the use of macrolide antibiotics, which are effective in eradicating the bacteria and alleviating symptoms, particularly when administered early in the course of the illness. Macrolides, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, are necessary not only to shorten the duration of symptoms but also to reduce the risk of transmission to others.

Using macrolide antibiotics is crucial because they target the specific bacteria responsible for the infection, thereby addressing the root cause of the disease. Early antibiotic treatment is especially important in young infants and in cases of severe infections, as it can prevent complications associated with pertussis.

Other antibiotics mentioned, like ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and vancomycin, are not suitable for treating pertussis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that does not have the same effectiveness against the specific bacteria causing pertussis. Penicillin is ineffective because Bordetella pertussis is not susceptible to it. Vancomycin is typically used for serious infections caused by certain Gram-positive organisms but is not indicated for pertussis treatment.