What is the diagnosis for a patient presenting with abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, and hematuria after swimming in the Nile?

The diagnosis of schistosomiasis is highly relevant when considering the symptoms of abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, and hematuria, particularly in the context of recent exposure to freshwater environments like the Nile River. Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, which can penetrate the skin when individuals come into contact with contaminated water. This condition is endemic in regions where these parasites are prevalent, including parts of Africa, making the patient's swimming in the Nile a significant exposure risk.

Hepatosplenomegaly is a common manifestation due to the body's immune response to the adult parasites residing in the blood vessels of the liver, while hematuria is often associated with the presence of schistosomal eggs in the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and bleeding. The combination of these symptoms, alongside the recent freshwater exposure, strongly points toward schistosomiasis as the diagnosis.

Other conditions such as malaria, leptospirosis, or dengue fever have differing routes of transmission or symptom profiles. Malaria typically presents with intermittent fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms rather than isolated abdominal pain or hematuria. Leptospirosis may present with flu-like symptoms and organ involvement but is usually associated