What is the diagnosis for a 29-year-old female who recently traveled to India and presents with severe abdominal pain and salmon-colored lesions on the trunk?

The diagnosis of typhoid fever, particularly in a patient who recently traveled to India, is supported by her symptoms of severe abdominal pain and the presence of salmon-colored lesions on the trunk. Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, is endemic in many developing countries, including India.

The severe abdominal pain is a prominent symptom of the disease, which is characterized by systemic infection and gastrointestinal distress. Additionally, the salmon-colored lesions, known as "rose spots," are a classic cutaneous manifestation of typhoid fever and typically appear on the abdomen and trunk during the second week of the infection.

In the context of this patient's travel history and clinical presentation, typhoid fever emerges as the most fitting diagnosis among the given options. Other infections, like E. coli or cholera, may present with gastrointestinal symptoms, but they do not typically produce rose spots and have different epidemiological patterns. Dengue fever, while also capable of causing abdominal pain, would present differently and would not usually result in itchy, salmon-colored lesions. Thus, the combination of this patient's travel history and the specific symptoms observed aligns most closely with a diagnosis of typhoid fever.