What is the first-line treatment for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney condition characterized by scarring in segments of the kidney’s glomeruli. The first-line treatment for FSGS involves the use of steroids, specifically corticosteroids. This approach is based on their ability to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, which can halt the progression of kidney damage and improve proteinuria (the presence of excess protein in the urine).

Corticosteroids are typically used, especially in cases that exhibit nephrotic syndrome, where patients present with significant proteinuria, edema, and often hypoalbuminemia. By mitigating the inflammatory response, steroids can help in restoring kidney function and reducing symptoms related to the disease.

Other treatment options might be considered secondary or adjunctive therapies. For instance, surgical intervention is not typically indicated as a first-line treatment for FSGS; it may be applicable in cases of complications or other renal issues. Antibiotics would not address the underlying pathophysiology of FSGS, as infections are not a primary concern of the disease itself. Dialysis becomes relevant primarily in advanced stages of kidney failure, not as a primary strategy for managing early or moderate FSGS. Therefore, corticosteroids serve as the cornerstone of