What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease in chronic NSAID users?

The most prevalent cause of peptic ulcer disease in individuals who use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) chronically is indeed chronic NSAID use itself. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which reduces the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are important for maintaining the protective mucosal layer of the stomach as they help to stimulate the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate, as well as promote blood flow to the gastric mucosa.

When NSAIDs are used over a long period, the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis leads to a decrease in these protective mechanisms. This results in increased gastric acid secretion and decreased mucus production, ultimately leading to mucosal damage and the formation of peptic ulcers. Thus, chronic NSAID usage directly contributes to the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease in susceptible individuals.

The other options provided do not relate to peptic ulcer disease in the context of NSAID use; conditions like alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia are genetic blood disorders that affect hemoglobin synthesis and are unrelated to ulcer formation. Parvovirus B19 primarily causes fifth disease in children and has no established link to NSAID-induced peptic