What is the primary symptom of lead poisoning?

The primary symptom of lead poisoning is anemia. Lead interferes with the body’s ability to synthesize hemoglobin, which is crucial for carrying oxygen in the blood. It disrupts the normal production of red blood cells and can lead to a decrease in their number, resulting in anemia. This is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pallor, as the body struggles to supply adequate oxygen to tissues due to reduced hemoglobin levels.

While fatigue and malaise are also common symptoms associated with lead exposure, they are often secondary effects rather than the direct consequence of lead's impact on hemoglobin synthesis. Similarly, severe headache and shortness of breath can occur in various medical conditions but are not specific indicators of lead poisoning. In summary, the distinct and primary impact of lead poisoning manifests as anemia, making it the most relevant symptom among the options presented.