Which drug is associated with causing myocarditis?

Clozapine is notable for its potential association with myocarditis, a rare but serious inflammation of the heart muscle. This adverse effect has garnered attention particularly in patients undergoing treatment with clozapine, especially in the first few months of therapy. The mechanism behind clozapine-induced myocarditis is not fully understood but is thought to be related to an immune-mediated response. Clinicians must monitor patients on clozapine closely for signs and symptoms of myocarditis, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and abnormal heart rhythms.

In contrast, the other medications listed do not have a documented association with myocarditis. Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is primarily used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects but is not known to cause myocarditis. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor used for hypertension and heart failure, has a different side effect profile and does not typically lead to myocarditis. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker used for hypertension and angina, similarly does not have myocarditis as a known adverse effect. Thus, clozapine stands out as the drug linked to this particular cardiac complication.